The power
supply in a blackout area can be met by using a generator. A generator is the
only device that helps in supplying a continuous source of power. If there is
any disruption in the power supply, the generator helps in supplying power and
it is best known for being an alternate source of energy. The configuration of
the generators varies from machine to machine.
The main
function of the generator is to convert the mechanical form of energy to its
electrical form. Electrical energy is produced because of this conversion. Principle
of conservation of energy plays a vital role in this case. The principle says
that energy is always convertible to different forms. The principle has a wider
importance in the functioning of the generator. The flow of electric charges is
the main cause of production of electricity by the generator.
Electromagnetic
induction guides the present model of electrical generators. Michael
Faraday first invented the concept in the year 1831-32. Whenever a
moving electrical charged conductor is placed in a magnetic field, then the
flow of electrical charges is induced. A voltage difference is created between
two extreme points of a wire due to the movement of the conductor. There is a
flow of electrical charge and finally the electric current is produced.
The rotating rectifiers convert the AC Current to DC Current and help in rectifying the AC current generated by the exciter windings, convert it to DC current. The direct current goes to the rotor to create an electromagnetic field. The rotor converts the DC Current to AC Voltage and a larger AC voltage is induced across the windings of the stator.
The cycle is followed and the generator is capable of producing maximum output voltage. When the output voltage increases, lesser amount of DC current is produced. When it reaches the maximum peak level, the voltage regulator achieves an equilibrium state. At that point, of time, sufficient direct current is produced to maintain the generator output at full operating level.